1、Polymerization of terpenes and terpenoids using metal catalysts

In this chapter, an overview of the most commonly studied terpenes and terpenoids in polymerization processes catalyzed by metal compounds is given.

2、Terpene

Herein, we report our study of the application of five terpenes: limonene, terpinene, geraniol, nerol and linalool (Fig. 1) for direct photocuring using radical thiol–ene addition chemistry and demonstrate their translation into resins for 3D printing, in an attempt to overcome these limitations.

3、Nitrogen

While the synthesis of polycarbonates and polyesters from terpene and terpenoid feedstock contributed to major progress in terpene-based materials, less focus has been laid on the implementation of the terpene moieties in nitrogen-containing polymers.

4、Terpenes and Terpenoids: Building Blocks to Produce Biopolymers

This review describes the most common types of bioplastics and biopolymers and focuses specifically on the polymerization of terpenes and terpenoids, which represent a source of promising monomers to create bio-based polymers and copolymers.

Preparation of High

β‐Pinene is able to be polymerized to obtain terpene resin. Terpene resin is a non‐toxic polymer that is chemically inert to most substances and has a wide range of industrial applica.

Improvement of Polymerization Process of Turpentine and

To reduce the contents of catalysts remaining in terpene resin produced by the traditional method, a primary improvement for its preparation process was put forward, i.e., SbCl3, a kind of Lewis acids with high toxicity as the co-catalyst in the reaction, was replaced by TMCS.

Application research of Terpene resin

Terpene resins (TR;Figure 1) are prepared by polymerization of terpene monomers, and it has non-toxic, low cost, high adhesive property, good thermal stability, and good compatibility with other polymers. Aqueous terpene resin emulsion (ATRE) was obtained by direct emulsification of terpene resins. [1]

From terpenes to sustainable and functional polymers

This minireview uncovers recent advancements in the synthesis of terpene-based polymers, and specifically discusses the formation of terpene-derived polycarbonates, polyesters, polyurethanes and polyamides.

TERPENE RESINS IN PRESSURE SENSITIVE ADHESIVES

Terpene resins are primarily synthesized by a cationic polymerization process where a suitable solvent and a Lewis acid catalyst are employed.

Polyterpene Resisns: Part I – A Brief Historical Review

The terpene resins are low molecular weight hydrocarbon polymers prepared by cationic polymerization of terpenes. These products, are used by the adhesives, sealants and wax coating industries.

In modern polymer materials industry, terpene resins have become essential raw materials for numerous high-performance polymers due to their unique physical and chemical properties. The preparation process of terpene resins, especially their thermal polymerization process, is a key research focus in this field. This paper aims to explore the principles, procedures, and practical significance of the thermal polymerization process of terpene resins.

I. Introduction to Terpene Resins

Terpene resins, also known as terpene polymers, are high-molecular-weight compounds composed of terpene monomers. These monomers form long-chain structures through polymerization, endowing the resin with specific properties. Due to their excellent mechanical performance, heat resistance, and chemical stability, terpene resins are widely used in aerospace, automotive manufacturing, electronics, and electrical engineering.

II. Principles of Thermal Polymerization

The thermal polymerization process involves converting terpene monomers into high-molecular-weight polymers. In this process, monomers are first heated to a specific temperature and then rapidly injected into a catalytic system. The catalyst accelerates the polymerization reaction between monomers, forming polymers with higher molecular weights. Key steps in the thermal polymerization process include preheating the monomers, injection, polymerization, and post-treatment.

III. Thermal Polymerization Process

1. Monomer Preheating: Terpene monomers are heated to a designated temperature to activate them. This step is critical for enhancing the reactivity of the monomers.

2. Monomer Injection: The preheated monomers are quickly injected into the catalytic system. Controlling the injection speed and timing is essential to ensure smooth polymerization.

3. Polymerization Reaction: Under the action of the catalyst, monomers undergo polymerization to form high-molecular-weight polymers. Factors such as temperature, pressure, and catalyst type significantly influence the polymer’s properties.

4. Post-Treatment: After polymerization, the polymer undergoes post-treatment processes, such as washing and drying, to ensure stable performance.

IV. Advantages and Challenges of Thermal Polymerization

The thermal polymerization process offers advantages such as simplicity and high production efficiency. challenges remain, including low monomer conversion rates and uneven molecular weight distribution of the products. To address these issues, researchers continuously optimize process parameters and improve catalyst efficiency to develop terpene resins with better performance.

V. Application Prospects of Thermal Polymerization

With advancements in technology and growing market demands, the thermal polymerization process holds broad application prospects in terpene resin production. Through ongoing technological innovation and process improvements, this method is expected to achieve more efficient and environmentally friendly production goals. Additionally, combining thermal polymerization with other synthesis methods, such as solution polymerization or suspension polymerization, can adapt to diverse application scenarios and requirements.

As an efficient high-polymer synthesis method, the thermal polymerization process of terpene resins plays a significant role in advancing materials science. By optimizing process parameters and exploring new synthetic pathways, we can anticipate the development of more high-performance, eco-friendly terpene resin products in the future.