1、Synthesis and characterization of DOPO

The synthesis of this novel curing agent and the subsequent preparation of the bio-based epoxy resin with lignin demonstrate a promising approach to improving the flame retardancy of epoxy resins while leveraging the benefits of renewable bio-based materials.

2、Latent curing agent DDM

A microcapsule-type latent curing agent is prepared by solvent evaporation method with diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) as the core material and PMMA as the wall material.

3、application of 4,4′

ongoing research and development efforts are focused on addressing these limitations through modifications such as blending with other curing agents, incorporating toughening agents, modifying the epoxy resin structure, using catalysts, developing latent curing agents, and incorporating nanomaterials. these advancements aim to expand the ...

4、The effect of 4,4′

Numerous curing agents are available for epoxy resins, including amines, anhydrides, and phenols. The selection of a suitable curing agent depends on the desired properties of the cured epoxy, the processing conditions, and the application requirements.

5、Structure of DDM Epoxy Curing Agent

In the current study, a simple synthesis procedure for room temperature curing agent was designed by using the AA as DDM modifier and the chemical structure of curing agent was analyzed by 1H NMR.

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Abstract. The microcapsule-type curing agents DDM-PMMA and IZ-PU were prepared by solvent evaporation method and interfacial polymerization method, respectively.

Curing and Degradation Kinetics of Phosphorus

Therefore, this work aimed to assess the kinetics of cross-linking and degradation of epoxy resin obtained from eugenol derivatives and cured with three types of amines: aliphatic: triethylenetetramine (TETA); aromatic: diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM), and cycloaliphatic isophorone diamine (IDA).

Latent Curing Agent of Epoxy Resin Based on Bio

Dicyclopentadiene-phenol epoxy resin (DCPD-ER) was selected as a research object. V-fa was added into DCPD-ER in different proportions as a latent curing agent. At the same time, a usual...

Synthesis of a bio

In this work, a bio-based N-heterocyclic-containing reactive toughening agent, HPESZ, was synthesized based on cinnamon derivatives and succinic anhydride. And then the HPESZ was incorporated into the bisphenol A epoxy resin/4, 4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (E44/DDM) curing system to evaluate its effect on the toughening of epoxy resins.

Synthesis and curing properties of fluorinated curing agent for epoxy

A novel fluorinated diamine curing agent (AFPCO) was synthesized from natural isoflavone daidzein, used to cure hydrogenated epoxy resin (DGEHBPA) and tested against commercially available DGEHBPA cured with 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM).

In modern industrial production, epoxy resins serve as fundamental materials for adhesives, coatings, sealants, and other applications. Their performance directly impacts the quality of final products. As a highly efficient epoxy curing accelerator, DDM epoxy curing agent plays a critical role in epoxy resin applications. This paper explores the synthesis methods of DDM epoxy curing agents and their effects on epoxy resin performance.

I. Chemical Composition and Mechanism of DDM Epoxy Curing Agent

DDM epoxy curing agent is a phosphorus-containing compound, chemically named dimethyl phosphate (DDM). During reactions with epoxy resins, it acts as an effective catalyst, accelerating the curing process. The primary mechanism involves lowering the activation energy of the reaction, thereby promoting rapid and complete cross-linking between epoxy molecules.

II. Synthesis Methods of DDM Epoxy Curing Agent

Multiple methods exist for synthesizing DDM epoxy curing agents, with esterification and etherification being the most common.

1. Esterification Method: This approach involves reacting DDM with alcohols to form ester compounds. Phosphorus atoms in DDM react with hydroxyl groups in alcohols, forming ester bonds to yield the curing agent. The advantage lies in tunable ratios of DDM to alcohols, allowing customization of curing agent properties. esterification typically requires high temperatures and strict control of reaction conditions (time and temperature) to proceed smoothly.

2. Etherification Method: Here, DDM reacts with ether compounds to form ether-based products. Phosphorus atoms in DDM interact with oxygen atoms in ethers, creating ether bonds. This method also permits property adjustments via ratio control but occurs under milder conditions (lower temperatures), making it easier to manage.

III. Effects of DDM Epoxy Curing Agent on Epoxy Resin Performance

DDM epoxy curing agents significantly influence epoxy resin properties. By selecting appropriate curing agents, curing speed, strength, and stress reduction can be optimized, while processing adaptability is improved.

1. Curing Speed and Strength: DDM accelerates curing at lower temperatures, shortening production cycles. It also enhances cross-linking density, improving mechanical strength and thermal resistance.

2. Reduced Internal Stress: During curing, epoxy resins generate internal stress, which affects long-term durability. DDM mitigates this stress, enhancing fatigue resistance and impact strength.

3. Improved Processing: DDM adjusts epoxy resin viscosity and fluidity, suitability for casting, spraying, or dipping processes. This boosts production efficiency and product consistency.

DDM epoxy curing agents are crucial for optimizing epoxy resin applications. They enhance curing speed, strength, thermal stability, and processing flexibility while reducing internal stress. With technological advancements, research and application of DDM epoxy curing agents will expand, offering greater possibilities for epoxy resin innovation.