1、Guideline on the use of phthalates as excipients in human medicinal

The most commonly used phthalates in medicinal products licensed in the EU are: dibutyl phthalate (DBP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), polyvinyl acetate phthalate (PVAP), cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP).

2、Phthalate toxicity mechanisms: An update

Most commonly used enteric coatings in medications are CAP, cellulose acetate trimellitate (CAT), polyvinyl acetate phthalate (PVAP), which are polyacids, commonly weak acids, and these are strongly dependent on the pH of the stomach (Porter, 2021).

3、Polyvinyl Acetate Phthalate

Polyvinyl Acetate Phthalate is a reaction product of phthalic anhydride and a partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetate. It contains NLT 55.0% and NMT 62.0% of phthalyl (o -carboxybenzoyl, C 8 H 5 O 3) groups, calculated on the anhydrous, acid-free basis.

4、Polyvinyl acetate phthalate

Polyvinyl acetate phthalate chemical information summary.

5、34481

Polyvinyl acetate pththalate shows a sharp solubility response with pH; this occurs at pH 4.5–5.0, which is lower than for most other polymers used for enteric coatings. Solubility is also influenced by ionic strength.

NF Monographs: Polyvinyl Acetate Phthalate

» Polyvinyl Acetate Phthalate is a reaction product of phthalic anhydride and a partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetate. It contains not less than 55.0 percent and not more than 62.0 percent of phthalyl (o -carboxybenzoyl, C 8 H 5 O 3) groups, calculated on an anhydrous acid-free basis.

Processing of Polyvinyl Acetate Phthalate in Hot

Polyvinyl acetate phthalate (PVAP) is a polymer with a pH-dependent solubility, which is as yet not thoroughly characterized regarding its suitability for a hot-melt extrusion process.

Polyvinyl Acetate

Furthermore, polyvinyl acetate is also used as an intermediate for the production of polyvinyl acetate phthalate, an enteric coating, or polyvinyl alcohol, an instant release film former.

Extraction and determination methods of phthalates

In this study, an optimized method was developed and validated for the simultaneous screening and quantification of PAEs (dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), benzyl butyl...

Use of phthalates as

Literature data in animals show that certain phthalates are associated with effects on reproduction and development in relation to their hormonal (anti-androgenic) properties.

In modern society, plastic has become an indispensable part of our lives. Due to its lightweight and durable properties, it is widely used in packaging, construction, automotive industries, and other fields. with the increasing use of plastics, their environmental impact has become increasingly evident. Among these, a chemical substance named phthalates (commonly abbreviated as PAEs) has attracted significant attention due to its application in plastic products.

Phthalates are synthetic organic compounds primarily used as plastic additives to enhance the heat resistance, chemical resistance, and anti-aging properties of plastics. They are typically produced through esterification reactions using phthalic anhydride and alcohols as raw materials. Owing to their excellent performance, PAEs are extensively utilized in various plastic products, such as polyolefins, polyamides, and polycarbonates.

the potential hazards of PAEs to the environment and human health cannot be ignored. First, PAEs tend to decompose at high temperatures, releasing toxic phthalic anhydride gas, which irritates the human respiratory system and may lead to cancer with long-term exposure. Second, PAEs accumulate in soil and water bodies, causing severe damage to ecosystems. Additionally, PAEs exhibit endocrine-disrupting effects, interfering with the normal function of the human endocrine system and affecting reproduction and development.

To address these issues, the international community has implemented a series of measures. Countries and regions such as the European Union and the United States have established stringent PAE emission standards, restricting their use in plastic products. Meanwhile, many nations are actively promoting the research and application of biodegradable plastics to reduce the environmental impact of PAEs.

In China, the government has also prioritized the environmental risks of PAEs and taken multiple control measures. For instance, the Opinions on Strengthening Plastic Pollution Control explicitly call for reducing the use of single-use plastic products and improving the recycling rate of plastics. Furthermore, China is advancing the development of green manufacturing systems, encouraging enterprises to adopt clean production technologies to minimize pollutant generation during manufacturing.

resolving the environmental challenges posed by PAEs requires collective effort from all sectors of society. Consumers should opt for eco-friendly plastic products to reduce demand for PAEs. Meanwhile, businesses and government agencies must collaborate to accelerate the research and application of biodegradable plastics, enhancing the overall environmental performance of plastic products.

When confronting the challenges of PAEs, we cannot afford complacency. While progress has been made, sustained efforts are necessary. Only through multifaceted initiatives—including technological innovation, policy guidance, and public engagement—can we achieve sustainable development in the plastic industry and foster harmony between the environment and human life.

Moving forward, we will remain vigilant about the environmental impact of PAEs, actively participate in environmental protection endeavors, and contribute to building a beautiful China. Let us work hand in hand to safeguard our shared planetary home.