1、A phosphorus/silicon hybrid curing agent for epoxy resin

In this work, we developed a phosphorus‑silicon synergistic curing agent (DA) to simultaneously enhance the flame retardancy and mechanical performance of epoxy resins.

2、Hydrolysis

The hydrolysis kinetics of 14 alkoxy silane coupling agents were carried out in an ethanol:water 80:20 (w/w) solution under acidic conditions and were monitored by 1 H, 13 C, and 29 Si NMR spectroscopy.

3、Journal of Applied Polymer Science

Two phosphorus-containing silane coupling agents (PSCAs), KH550-P and KH560-P, are successfully prepared by reacting 10-hydroxy-9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphorus-10-oxide (DOPO OH) with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (KH550) and 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH560), respectively.

Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements

To cite this Article Brochier Salon, Marie-Christine and Belgacem, Mohamed Naceur(2011) 'Hydrolysis-Condensation Kinetics of Different Silane Coupling Agents', Phosphorus, Sulfur, and...

Effect of Phosphorus‐Containing Silane Coupling Agents

These two PSCAs are used as the surface modification agents of ammonium polyphosphate (APP). The flame retardancy and mechanical properties of epoxy resin (EP) with PSCA‐modified APP are investigated.

The Synergistic Effect of Polysaccharides and Silane Coupling Agents on

The findings from this study emphasize the beneficial role of silane coupling agents in improving the properties of calcium phosphate-based bone substitutes. The developed materials demonstrate substantial potential for use in bone tissue engineering according to ISO 10993.

Synthesis of phosphorus

In this study, a novel silane coupling agent containing phosphorus element with a low oxidation state, N-diphenylphosphoryl-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (P-APTES), was synthesized through the nucleophilic-substitution reaction between 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and diphenylphosphinic chloride.

A phosphorus/silicon hybrid curing agent for epoxy resin

To overcome this critical limitation, we engineered a phosphorus‑silicon synergistic curing agent (DA), where the incorporation of thermally stable SiO bonds and amide linkages effectively mitigates the thermal instability inherent in phosphorus-based components.

Hydrolysis

Hydrolysis-condensation kinetics of different silane coupling agents by Brochier S, et al.. Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements. Read more related scholarly scientific articles and abstracts.

Hydrolysis kinetics of silane coupling agents studied by near

The results showed that electrophilic substitution occurred in the hydrolysis reactions, which followed second-order reactions and greatly depend on the catalyst concentration and reaction temperature. The hydrolysis rate constants, activation energy, and Arrhenius Frequency factors were gained.

Phosphorus-silicon coupling agents are a critical class of chemically synthesized materials widely used in coatings, plastics, rubber, and other fields. They modify and functionalize polymer materials by reacting with hydroxyl or carboxyl groups in polymer chains. This article elaborates on the chemical structure, preparation methods, application range, and performance characteristics of phosphorus-silicon coupling agents.

I. Chemical Structure of Phosphorus-Silicon Coupling Agents

Phosphorus-silicon coupling agents are organic-inorganic hybrid compounds characterized by covalent bonds between silicon and phosphorus atoms. Their structures consist of two parts: (1) a silyl group formed by silicon and phosphorus atoms, and (2) an organic moiety attached to the silyl group. The silyl group reacts with hydroxyl or carboxyl groups in polymer chains, enabling modification and functionalization of the polymers.

II. Preparation Methods

The main methods for synthesizing phosphorus-silicon coupling agents include:

1. Silanization Method: Silicon-based raw materials undergo hydrolysis and condensation to form silyl groups, which are then combined with organic moieties. This method is straightforward but requires strict control of temperature, pH, and other reaction conditions.

2. Phosphorylation Method: Using phosphoryl chloride as a precursor, nucleophilic substitution reactions generate phosphoryl groups, which are subsequently bonded to organic moieties. This approach has milder reaction conditions but lower yields.

3. Siloxane Method: Siloxane precursors undergo ring-opening polymerization or addition reactions to form siloxane groups, which are then linked with organic components. This method offers moderate reaction conditions and high yields but requires catalysts.

4. Other Methods: Emerging techniques like metal catalysis or ionic liquid-based synthesis remain in research stages and have not yet been industrialized.

III. Application Range

Phosphorus-silicon coupling agents are versatile, with key applications in:

1. Coatings: Enhancing weather resistance, wear resistance, and anti-fouling properties in architectural coatings, automotive paints, and marine coatings.

2. Plastics: Improving heat resistance, flame retardancy, and antistatic properties in engineering plastics such as polyamides, polyesters, and polyetherketones.

3. Rubber: Boosting abrasion resistance, tear strength, and aging resistance in tires, conveyor belts, and seals.

4. Inks: Increasing adhesion, wear resistance, and scratch resistance in printing inks, UV curables, and conductive inks.

IV. Performance Characteristics

Key features of phosphorus-silicon coupling agents include:

1. Excellent Compatibility: Forms stable interfaces with diverse polymers, enhancing mechanical and thermal properties.

2. Superior Durability: Improves resistance to wear, aging, and UV radiation, prolonging material lifespan.

3. Eco-Friendliness: Typically colorless and transparent, free of heavy metals, and non-hazardous to humans and ecosystems.

4. Tunability: Allows precise performance adjustments by varying composition and ratios to suit specific applications.

As a vital synthetic material, phosphorus-silicon coupling agents offer broad applications and remarkable performance benefits. With advancements in technology and stricter environmental standards, these agents are poised to play an increasingly critical role in industrial development.