1、Cardanol

This chapter focuses on the use of cardanol as a renewable source for phenolic resins such as cardanol-formaldehyde and benzoxazines. Accordingly, the syntheses and properties of these resins are reviewed. Moreover, some of the applications have also been shown as examples.

2、2. JRM

Cardanol is one of the most important green industrial raw material refined from natural cashew nut shell oil (CNSL). CNSL is a kind of agricultural by-product produced by pyrolysis or...

3、Research progress of cardanol modified phenolic resin

With the rapid development of modern society,the industry has higher requirements for the toughness,heat resistance and water resistance of phenolic resin.The cardanol modified phenolic resin after partially replacing phenol with cardanol can not only improve its toughness and heat resistance,but also greatly reduce the production cost,making ...

4、Preparation and performance characterisation of organosilicon

This study presents the synthesis and characterisation of KH550-modified cardanol-based phenolic hybrid resins.

Graphene/cardanol modified phenolic resin for the development of carbon

In this study, graphene/cardanol modified phenolic resin (GCP) was prepared by synergistic modification of phenolic resin with cardanol and graphene. Carbon fiber paper raw papers were prepared by a wet papermaking technology and further impregnated in GCP.

Graphene/cardanol modified phenolic resin for the development of carbon

Previous studies have proven that adding graphene into phenolic resin will promote material's conductivity, while keeping its role of reinforcement.5,6Modifying phenolic resin with cardanol can signi cantly improve the toughness and heat

Synthesis of Cardanol Modified Phenolic Resol Resin and the Properties

The results showed that the resin viscosity was 4 650 mPa·s, free phenolic content decreased from 6.72% to 5.45%, free formaldehyde content decreased from 1.17% to 0.68% and the maximal compressive strength of phenolic foam reached 0.20 MPa when the cardanol substitution amount was 10%.

Development in the Modification of Phenolic Resin by

Herein this review is studied to be made concerning the replacement of phenol and aldehyde compounds in the phenolic resin. Cardanol is a phenol-based by-product having an unsaturated alkyl chain and is thus a promising renewable substitute for the development of phenolic resin.

Research progress on modification of phenolic resin

In recent years, more and more researchers have focused on the discussion of the properties of modified phenolic resins and gradually ignored the research on the synthesis processes that can affect the molecular structure and properties of phenolic resins.

Synthesis of Cardanol Modified Phenolic Resol Resin and the Properties

Phenolic resin was modified by cardanol that replaced part of phenol. The expandable phenolic resol resin was prepared. The influences of the cardanol substitution amount on the properties of phenolic resol resin and phenolic foam were investigated.

In modern materials science, phenolic resins are widely used in aerospace, automotive manufacturing, and electronics industries due to their excellent thermal resistance, electrical insulation, and mechanical strength. phenolic resins also have limitations, such as brittleness and poor processability, which restrict their application in high-end fields. To overcome these drawbacks, researchers have developed various modification methods, among which cardanol modification is an effective approach.

The fundamental principle of cardanol modification involves introducing organic compounds with different chemical structures and functional groups to alter the inherent properties of phenolic resins. Cardanol (derived from Caesalpinia sappan) is a natural polyphenolic compound containing multiple hydroxyl groups in its molecular structure. This enables it to react chemically with phenolic resins, forming new chemical bonds. Through such modification, the thermal stability, mechanical properties, and chemical resistance of phenolic resins can be significantly improved.

During the modification process, cardanol first reacts with the hydroxyl groups in phenolic resins to form ester bonds or other chemical linkages. These newly formed bonds densify the molecular chains of the resin, enhancing its thermal resistance and mechanical strength. Meanwhile, the modified phenolic resin retains good electrical insulation and chemical resistance, making it promising for applications in electronics and electrical fields.

The cardanol modification process mainly consists of three steps: pretreatment, mixing, and curing. In the pretreatment stage, cardanol is processed via drying, decolorization, and pulverization to improve its compatibility and reactivity with phenolic resins. In the mixing stage, the pretreated cardanol is uniformly blended with phenolic resin in a specific ratio. Finally, during the curing stage, the mixed resin is placed in a mold and cured at a designated temperature to achieve the desired properties.

The advantages of cardanol-modified phenolic resins are summarized as follows:

1. Enhanced Thermal Resistance: The modified resin exhibits a higher thermal decomposition temperature, maintaining stable performance at elevated temperatures suitable for harsh environments.

2. Improved Mechanical Strength: The modified resin demonstrates better toughness and impact resistance, withstanding greater external forces and improving reliability.

3. Chemical Resistance: The resin shows excellent acid-alkali resistance and solvent resistance, preserving chemical stability in aggressive conditions.

4. Processability: The modified resin has better fluidity and plasticity, facilitating molding and processing while reducing production costs.

5. Environmental Friendliness: The production and use of the modified resin generate fewer harmful substances, supporting environmental protection and sustainable development.

Despite these advantages, challenges remain in practical applications. For instance, the high cost and complex preparation process of cardanol limit large-scale production. Additionally, the modified material may still exhibit instability under specific conditions, requiring further research and optimization.

To address these issues, the following measures can be adopted:

1. Optimize Production Processes: Improve cardanol extraction and purification techniques to reduce costs and increase utilization rates.

2. Develop New Modifiers: Explore alternative modifiers (e.g., polyamides, silanes) to enhance comprehensive performance.

3. Strengthen Theoretical Research: Investigate the microscopic mechanisms and performance control strategies of cardanol-modified phenolic resins.

4. Expand Application Fields: Explore potential uses in emerging areas such as biomedicine and energy storage.

cardanol-modified phenolic resins, as high-performance composites, hold broad application prospects and significant scientific research value. With ongoing technological innovation and process improvements, their widespread adoption and promotion can be realized.