1、Bubble Formation in Epoxy Curing Agents

With an attempt to thoroughly understand the formation mechanism of CO 2 bubbles and further propose countermeasures to control them, Density Function Theory (DFT) in this paper was employed to calculate the absorption process, the curing reaction and the formation mechanism of CO 2 bubbles.

2、Formation of CO2 bubbles in epoxy resin coatings: A DFT study

With an attempt to thoroughly understand the formation mechanism of CO2 bubbles and further propose countermeasures to control them, Density Function Theory (DFT) in this paper was employed to calculate the absorption process, the curing reaction and the formation mechanism of CO 2 bubbles.

3、In

There are multiple models describing bubble growth and collapse due to diffusion and perfect gas law. The aim of this work is to validate the expected bubble growth by means of X-ray computed tomography (XCT).

4、Journal of Applied Polymer Science

The bubble growth process of epoxy resin foams has been evaluated through a combination of numerical simulation and chemorheology. It was discovered that rheological properties play an essential role in forecasting bubble growth during supercritical CO 2 epoxy resin foaming.

Bubble Formation in Epoxy Curing Agents

A positive mould was formed by coating the milled PMMA in an 1:1 mixture of epoxy adhesive and curing agent, degassed by vacuum to remove entrapped air bubbles and left to cure at room temperature.

Numerical simulation for bubble growth during supercritical

The bubble growth process of epoxy resin foams has been evaluated through a combination of numerical simulation and chemorheology. It was discovered that rheological properties play an essential role in forecasting bubble growth during supercritical CO2 epoxy resin foaming.

Slow Curing of Epoxy Resin Underwater at High Temperatures

Given the very long gelation time at high temperatures underwater and the good mechanical properties, such epoxy resin may find applications in water shut-off in the upstream of oil and gas industry, where water management underground is highly desired.

Curing reaction of epoxy resin composed of mixed base resin and curing

In the curing experiment of epoxy resin, we used differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to obtain the conversion by mixing curing agents and base resins.

Formation of CO2 Bubbles in Epoxy Resin Coatings: A DFT

With an attempt to thoroughly understand the formation mechanism of CO2 bubbles and further propose countermeasures to control them, Density Function Theory (DFT) in this paper was employed to calculate the absorption process, the curing reaction and the formation mechanism of CO2 bubbles.

In

Models based on a mass-diffusion theory successfully represent the growth and collapse of gas bubbles in an epoxy resin. A quantitative evaluation of the steady-state diffusion equations requires values for the diffusion coefficient and the solubility of the mobile species within the resin precursor.

In modern construction engineering, epoxy resin is widely used as a critical adhesive material due to its excellent bonding performance, superior mechanical strength, and good chemical resistance. It plays a vital role in the manufacture of various composite materials. during practical application, the phenomenon of bubble formation in epoxy resin mixed with curing agents not only affects engineering quality but also poses safety risks to construction processes. an in-depth exploration of the causes and preventive measures for bubble formation in epoxy resin with curing agents holds significant theoretical and practical value.

I. Analysis of Causes for Bubble Formation in Epoxy Resin with Curing Agent

1. Curing Environment Factors

   • Temperature and humidity significantly impact the curing process of epoxy resin. Extreme temperatures (either too high or too low) and fluctuations in relative humidity can accelerate the curing reaction, leading to increased internal stress and subsequent bubble formation.

2. Improper Curing Agent Proportion

   • The ratio of curing agent to resin directly affects the performance of epoxy resin. Excessive curing agent can cause rapid curing, trapping heat inside the material and forming bubbles. Conversely, insufficient curing agent may result in incomplete curing, leaving uncured resin that generates bubbles during later stages.

3. Quality Issues in Raw Materials

   • Impurities or uneven distribution in the resin or curing agent can compromise product quality and performance, directly contributing to bubble formation during curing.

4. Production Process Deficiencies

   • Operational issues such as inadequate mixing or insufficient stirring may prevent air bubbles from escaping the epoxy resin, resulting in bubbles after curing.

5. External Environmental Interference

   • Intrusion of moisture, oxygen, or other chemicals from the air can disrupt the curing process of epoxy resin, leading to bubble formation.

II. Harmful Effects of Bubble Formation in Epoxy Resin with Curing Agent

1. Reduced Structural Strength and Durability

   • Bubbles weaken the adhesive force of epoxy resin, compromising the overall strength and durability of composite materials, which threatens structural safety and service life.

2. Impact on Construction Progress and Quality

   • Bubble formation can delay construction, necessitate rework, and increase costs. Substandard materials also pose long-term safety hazards to engineering quality.

III. Preventive Measures for Bubble Formation in Epoxy Resin with Curing Agent

1. Optimize Curing Conditions

   • Strictly control temperature and humidity during curing. Follow product manuals and industry standards to maintain optimal environmental parameters.

2. Adjust Curing Agent Proportion

   • Calculate the precise ratio of curing agent to resin based on requirements to avoid excess or deficiency, both of which can cause bubbling.

3. Improve Raw Material Quality

   • Use high-quality resin and curing agents that meet national standards to minimize bubble-related issues.

4. Enhance Production Processes

   • Standardize operations to ensure thorough mixing of resin and curing agent, improving both efficiency and product quality.

5. Control External Environmental Factors

   • Isolate the curing environment from moisture, oxygen, and contaminants to reduce bubble formation risks.

6. Regular Inspection and Maintenance

   • Perform periodic quality checks during construction to detect and address bubbling issues promptly. Repair existing bubbles to prevent escalation.

addressing bubble formation in epoxy resin with curing agents requires a multifaceted approach. Scientific management and strict operational protocols are essential to ensuring material quality. Eliminating bubbling fundamentally safeguards engineering quality and safety, providing robust support for societal stability and development.