1、Characterization and properties of phenolic resin doped modified lignin

Due to its low reactivity, alkaline lignin is usually discharged as production waste, unaware that lignin macromolecules can be modified.

2、Sulfonated lignin

Based on this, we synthesized a novel sulfonated lignin-based phenol–formaldehyde resin (SLPFR) by using the discarded walnut shells, a unique crop employed in forestry and agriculture in Gansu province, where lignin significantly substituted phenol.

3、Advances of Modified Lignin as Substitute to Develop Lignin‐Based

In this review, the latest progress in the preparation of PF resin adhesives via lignin modification, including chemical, physical, and biological modifications, is discussed.

Mini

This review describes the latest developments in the preparation of phenolic resins by modification or depolymerization of lignin, focusing on the modification of its original functional groups by phenolization, demethylation, and hydroxymethylation, as well as chemical depolymerization methods.

Preparation and characterization of lignin

Lignin-based phenolic resins demonstrated great potential for adhesive applications. A three step copolymerization synthetic approach was developed to prepare lignin-phenol-formaldehyde resins (LPF), wherein 30 % of phenol was substituted by lignin derived from different biorefinery processes.

Lignin as a green and multifunctional alternative to phenol for resin

Lignin has received increasing attention as a potential feedstock for renewable fuels and chemical production. The substitution of lignin for phenol can not only reduce the costs of PRs but also increase their performance, such as low-toxicity residues and environmental friendliness.

Synthesis of phenolic resins by substituting phenol with modified

In this study, a commercial kraft lignin (KL) was used as the raw material to prepare phenolic resin (PF) based on a detailed analysis of its molecular structure.

Preparation of High

To expand the application range of lignin, we prepared lignin thermoplastic phenolic resins (LPRs) by using lignin instead of phenol; these LPRs had molecular weights of up to 1917 g/mol, a molecular weight distribution of 1.451, and an O/P value of up to 2.73.

Sulfonated Lignin

Based on this, we synthesized a novel sulfonated lignin-based phenol-formaldehyde resin (SLPFR) by using the discarded walnut shells, a unique crop employed in forestry and agriculture in Gansu province, where lignin significantly substituted phenol.

Preparation of chemically modified lignin and its application in

Using lignin sulfonate as raw material, Wang [108] was chemically modified to form a lignin-based epoxy resin adhesive with double interpenetrating network structure.

Abstract Sulfonated lignin, a class of macromolecular compounds derived from the sulfonation of lignin, has gained widespread industrial applications due to its unique chemical and physical properties. Among its many uses, sulfonated lignin-modified phenolic resins—a novel high-performance composite material—stand out for their excellent thermal stability, mechanical strength, and electrical insulation properties. These attributes position them as promising candidates for advanced applications in electronic encapsulation, aerospace, and other fields. This paper explores recent research progress, application potential, and future prospects of sulfonated lignin-modified phenolic resins.

Introduction Sulfonated lignin-modified phenolic resins represent a new generation of composite materials where phenolic resins serve as the matrix, and sulfonated lignin is incorporated to enhance thermal stability and mechanical performance. The molecular structure of sulfonated lignin contains abundant polar groups, which interact with non-polar groups in phenolic resins, forming a dense cross-linked network. This synergistic effect significantly improves thermal resistance and mechanical strength. Additionally, sulfonated lignin improves processing characteristics such as fluidity and plasticity, facilitating more efficient fabrication.

Applications

1. Electronic Packaging: Sulfonated lignin-modified phenolic resins are extensively used in critical components like chip encapsulation and circuit board protective layers. Their superior electrical insulation and thermal stability enhance device reliability and lifespan.
2. Aerospace: In aircraft engines and airframes, these materials demonstrate exceptional temperature resistance and impact resistance, ensuring safety in extreme operating conditions.
3. Emerging Fields: Beyond traditional applications, they show potential in construction (e.g., high-strength, heat-resistant flooring and panels), automotive manufacturing (e.g., interior parts and bumpers), and energy equipment, aligning with modern demands for durability and environmental sustainability.

Preparation Methods Traditional methods, such as melt blending and solution casting, remain common but often compromise performance or increase costs. Recent advancements leverage nanotechnology (e.g., nanoparticle reinforcement) and bio-based raw materials to further optimize mechanical properties and environmental adaptability. These innovations aim to balance scalability, cost-efficiency, and sustainability.

Sulfonated lignin-modified phenolic resins offer transformative potential across industries. As research advances, their unique advantages—ranging from enhanced thermal and mechanical properties to eco-friendly processing—are poised to drive innovation in electronics, aerospace, automotive, and construction sectors. Future developments will likely focus on refining synthesis techniques, expanding functionalization, and addressing scalability challenges to fully realize their societal impact.

This translation maintains technical accuracy while adapting the structure for clarity. Key terms (e.g., "sulfonated lignin," "cross-linked network") are standardized, and applications are contextualized for an international audience. Let me know if further refinements are needed!