1、A critical review of dynamic bonds containing curing agents for epoxy
Investigated the mechanical, thermomechanical, thermal, and recycling properties of the epoxy thermosets cured by developed curing agents. Addressed the challenges, opportunities and emerging trends in the field.
2、环氧树脂固化剂的常见类型及其固化机理
潜伏固化剂可与环氧树脂混合制成液态化合物，简化环氧树脂产品的应用，其应用范围从单一的包装胶粘剂向涂料、浸渍漆、灌封料、粉末涂料等多方面发展。
3、Self
These findings demonstrate that simply mixing isomeric curing agents enables self-toughening, providing a practical and efficient strategy to enhance the performance of high-Tg epoxy resins in advanced composite applications.
epoxy resin types and their curing agents
Comprehensive overview of epoxy resin types and curing agents, featuring detailed information about their applications, advantages, and customization options for industrial and commercial use.
Curing Agent: Types & Process of Curing Agents for Epoxy Resin
Explore the main types of curing agents & various crosslinking methods which help to improve the polymerization process to select the right curing agent for coating formulation.
Types and Applications of Epoxy Resin Curing Agents
Besides the above common curing agents, there are also some special types of epoxy resin curing agents such as modified phenolic resins, polyamide resins. These curing agents usually have higher activity or lower volatility and are suitable for specific application needs.
The epoxy resin system: function and role of curing agents
Depending on their chemical composition, curing agents can be categorised as amine-type curing agents, alkali curing agents, anhydrides, or catalytic curing agents.
Investigation of curing systems in modified epoxy anticorrosion
Based on the cross-linking reaction mechanism between epoxy resin and amine curing agents, the automatic cross-linking reaction between H64 and different curing systems was realized using the Perl script provided with Materials Studio.
Influence of different composite curing agents on the rapid curing
In particular, effective formulations are designed for mixing fast and slow curing agents, studying their effects on the curing behavior, curing quality, and mechanical properties of epoxy resins and elucidating their influence mechanisms.
Effect of Curing Agent Type on Curing Reaction Kinetics of Epoxy Resin
In this paper, low molecular weight polyamides, aromatic amines and anhydrides were selected as three kinds of curing agents and their isothermal viscosity-time properties were studied to...
Customization of Epoxy Resin Curing Agents
In modern industry and scientific research, epoxy resins are widely used due to their excellent physical properties, chemical stability, and electrical insulation. the curing of epoxy resins is a complex chemical reaction process that requires precise control of curing conditions to achieve optimal performance. the customization of epoxy resin curing agents is particularly critical. This article explores the customization process of epoxy resin curing agents, including the selection of suitable curing agent types, determination of curing systems, optimization of curing conditions, and evaluation of curing effects.
1. Selection of Suitable Epoxy Resin Curing Agent Types
Epoxy resin curing agents are substances that promote the curing of epoxy resins. Based on their reaction mechanisms with the resin, epoxy resin curing agents can be classified into the following categories:
1. Acid Anhydride Curing Agents: These agents react with the epoxy groups in epoxy resins to form acyl acid anhydrides, initiating polymerization and curing the resin. Acid anhydride curing agents exhibit good thermal stability and chemical resistance, making them suitable for high-temperature or harsh environment applications.
2. Amine Curing Agents: These agents react with epoxy groups to form amide bonds, curing the resin. Amine curing agents provide superior mechanical properties and adhesion, making them ideal for structural bonding and repair.
3. Imidazolium Curing Agents: These agents react with epoxy groups to form imidazole rings, resulting in curing. Imidazolium curing agents offer excellent heat resistance and moisture resistance, suitable for high-temperature or humid environments.
4. Aromatic Ketoxime Curing Agents: These agents react with epoxy groups to form stable ester bonds, curing the resin. Aromatic ketoxime curing agents demonstrate good resistance to humidity and ultraviolet (UV) radiation, making them suitable for outdoor applications.
When selecting an epoxy resin curing agent, factors such as the type of resin, desired curing conditions (e.g., temperature, humidity), curing speed requirements, and final product performance must be considered. By comparing the performance metrics of different curing agents, the most appropriate type for a specific application can be identified.
2. Determination of the Epoxy Resin Curing System
The epoxy resin curing system consists of a mixture of curing agents, diluents, accelerators, and other components. A suitable curing system ensures smooth curing and achieves the desired performance.
1. Curing Agent Concentration: The concentration of the curing agent directly affects curing speed and final hardness. Higher concentrations typically accelerate curing but may lead to incomplete curing or bubble formation. The concentration must be adjusted based on resin characteristics and curing conditions.
2. Diluent Selection: Diluents improve the stability and dispersion of curing agents in epoxy resins. The choice of diluent depends on its impact on resin performance and compatibility with the curing agent. Common diluents include alcohols, ketones, and ethers.
3. Accelerator Addition: Accelerators speed up the curing process. Examples include benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and organic peroxides. The dosage should be optimized based on resin properties and curing conditions.
3. Optimization of Curing Conditions
To achieve optimal curing results, curing conditions must be refined. This includes controlling temperature, humidity, light, and other factors to ensure proper curing.
1. Temperature Control: Temperature critically influences curing speed and final performance. Lower temperatures may improve curing speed and reduce shrinkage, but excessive temperatures can cause resin decomposition or bubbling. The curing temperature should align with resin characteristics and application requirements.
2. Humidity Control: High humidity can negatively impact curing by absorbing moisture from the cured product. In humid environments, moisture-proof measures such as sealed packaging or dehumidification equipment are necessary.
3. Light Control: Light (e.g., UV irradiation) can accelerate curing by promoting free-radical polymerization. excessive exposure may degrade the resin or cause uneven curing. Light conditions should be tailored to resin properties and application needs.
4. Evaluation of Curing Effects
Continuous monitoring of curing conditions and effects is essential to ensure the final product meets performance expectations. This includes assessing physical properties (e.g., hardness, strength, wear resistance), appearance, and dimensional accuracy.
1. Hardness Testing: Durometer measurements evaluate the compactness and impact resistance of cured samples. Higher hardness indicates greater durability.
2. Strength Testing: Tensile or compressive tests measure the mechanical performance of cured samples, providing insights into real-world applicability.
3. Wear Resistance Testing: Sandpaper abrasion or grinding wheel tests assess wear resistance. High wear resistance correlates with better durability in practical use.
4. Appearance Evaluation: Visual inspection checks surface smoothness, color consistency, and overall quality. Superior appearance enhances market competitiveness.
5. Dimensional Accuracy Inspection: Coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) verify dimensional precision. High accuracy ensures reliability and consistency in applications.
the customization of epoxy resin curing agents is a comprehensive process that involves selecting appropriate curing agent types, designing curing systems, optimizing conditions, and rigorously evaluating outcomes. Only by addressing these factors holistically can high-performance, application-specific epoxy resin formulations be developed.
