1、Novel phosphonated hardeners derived from diamino diphenyl sulfone for

To resolve the above-mentioned problem, we conducted a synthesis on new phosphorus-containing curing agents of 4,4-diamino diphenyl sulfone (DDS) and diphenyl phosphoryl chloride (DPPC) to be taken advantage of alongside a combination of dicyandiamide (Dicy).

2、DSC Cure Studies of High Performance Epoxy Resins I. The

Higher cure temperature and higher DDS concentration led to an increase in the cure rate. Cure process of epoxy was dependent on the structure and functional group of epoxy resin.

3、Journal of Applied Polymer Science

Abstract A curing agent is required to cure an epoxy resin, but a few curing agents also improve the mechanical properties of the resin. In addition, it is rare to find hardeners containing multiple amines, which can be used to form high crosslink densities.

4、Processability of DDS Isomers

Among the variables involved in resin formulation, cure agent type and amine-to-epoxy (a/e) stoichiometric ratio have been shown to affect processing characteristics and cured resin properties the most [4–6]. Epoxy resin cured with diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS), an aromatic cure agent, is widely used for aerospace grade matrices [6–9].

5、DDS Epoxy Resin Curing Agent

High Reactivity: DDS epoxy curing agent exhibits high reactivity, rapidly reacting with hydroxyl groups in epoxy resins to accelerate the curing process. This advantage makes it particularly suitable for applications requiring fast curing.

Role of Curing Kinetics in Tuning the Evolution of Density, Fluidity

This study investigates the influence of reaction kinetics on the curing of DGEBA-DDS epoxy resin using molecular dynamics, with a particular focus on the structure and property evolutions at low to medium curing degrees.

Properties of high

The choice of basic epoxy resin (ER) is especially important for the design of epoxy adhesive formulations. In the present study, performance of several high-temperature ER systems, prepared using 4,4-diaminodiphenylsulfone as the curing agent by the same curing process, was investigated.

Application of 4,4′

Abstract: 4,4′-Diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM), also known as methylene dianiline, is a widely employed aromatic diamine curing agent for epoxy resins. Its unique molecular structure imparts exceptional thermal stability, chemical resistance, and mechanical properties to the cured epoxy network.

New structure of diamine curing agent for epoxy resins with self

Samples based on the same epoxy matrix, containing different curing agents (tertiary amine “ancamine K54” and DDS), were also prepared to compare catalyst reactivity and glass transition temperature between the epoxy formulations solidified with different hardeners.

Preparation of Epoxy Resin with Disulfide

Herein, a novel self-healing epoxy resin was synthesized with disulfide-containing curing agent via the condensation of dimethyl 3,3′-dithiodipropionate (DTPA) and polyether amine (PEA).

Epoxy materials, with their excellent mechanical properties, chemical stability, and electrical insulation, are widely used in electronics, automotive, construction, and other fields. improving the mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy materials has remained a hot research topic in materials science. As an efficient curing accelerator for epoxy resins, DDS curing agent offers new possibilities for modifying epoxy materials due to its unique chemical structure. This paper explores the mechanism, current applications, and challenges of DDS curing agents in epoxy materials.

1. Chemical Structure and Mechanism of DDS Curing Agent

DDS curing agent is a multifunctional compound containing multiple epoxy groups (-C=C-O-) in its molecular structure. These groups react with hydroxyl groups in epoxy resins to form stable ester bonds, thereby promoting the curing process. The mechanisms of DDS curing agents include:

1. Accelerating epoxy group polymerization: By providing additional epoxy groups, DDS accelerates the polymerization of epoxy groups in the resin, increasing cross-linking density and enhancing mechanical properties.

2. Improving thermal resistance: The multifunctional groups in DDS form stable ester bonds with hydroxyl groups in epoxy resins, reducing decomposition temperatures at high temperatures and improving thermal stability.

3. Enhancing chemical resistance: Functional groups in DDS reduce interactions between epoxy resins and certain chemicals by forming stable ester bonds, thereby improving chemical resistance.

4. Strengthening adhesion: Multifunctional groups in DDS enhance adhesion between the resin and substrates by forming stable ester bonds, improving usability.

2. Current Applications of DDS Curing Agents in Epoxy Materials

In recent years, DDS curing agents have gained widespread use in epoxy materials across several key areas:

1. High-performance epoxy resins: DDS significantly improves mechanical and thermal properties, making it suitable for aerospace, automotive manufacturing, and other high-performance applications.

2. High-temperature-resistant epoxy resins: DDS enhances thermal stability, enabling stable performance at elevated temperatures for specialized environments.

3. Corrosion-resistant epoxy resins: DDS improves chemical resistance, making it ideal for chemical, petroleum, and other corrosive settings.

4. Self-healing epoxy resins: DDS promotes radical generation in epoxy systems, enabling self-healing of damaged areas and extending material lifespan.

3. Challenges of DDS Curing Agents in Epoxy Materials

Despite its potential, DDS curing agents face several challenges:

1. Cost: High production costs limit large-scale industrial adoption.

2. Environmental impact: Potential harm to the environment and human health necessitates strict environmental management.

3. Technical limitations: Improving catalytic efficiency and reducing dosage remain research priorities.

4. Compatibility issues: Compatibility with other resin systems requires further study to resolve.

As an efficient curing accelerator, DDS significantly enhances mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties of epoxy materials. challenges related to cost, environmental impact, and technical optimization persist. With advancements in material science, DDS curing agents are poised to play a larger role in the future of epoxy materials.