1、Enhancing epoxy resin curing: Investigating the catalytic role of water

Water considerably influences the reaction pathways and kinetics and the final network structure and material properties. This study advances the cat-GRRM/MC/MD method to explore the specific role of water molecules as catalysts, though an impurity, in the curing of epoxy resins.

2、(PDF) Water in Epoxy Coatings: Basic Principles of Interaction with

This review describes the interaction of epoxy coatings with water, the kinetics of water uptake in epoxy resins, and the methods of studying the latter (gravimetric, IR (Infrared) and...

3、Reactions of Epoxy Curing Agents Upon Water Ingress

water ingress triggers a cascade of chemical reactions in epoxy curing agents, altering their structure and impairing performance. To maintain their effectiveness, rigorous drying and protective measures are essential to prevent moisture-related damage.

4、Slow Curing of Epoxy Resin Underwater at High Temperatures

Given the very long gelation time at high temperatures underwater and the good mechanical properties, such epoxy resin may find applications in water shut-off in the upstream of oil and gas industry, where water management underground is highly desired.

5、Transport of water and oxygen in epoxy

Upon further water sorption, dissolved vapor molecules form an ordered structure (i.e., self-association) that decreases the diffusivity inside the polymeric network [9], [19].

Water

The structural changes of polyamino-amide and polyamino-imidazoline, used as curing agents for water-based epoxy materials (WBEM), have been examined under various conditions of storage.

Construction and Curing Behavior of Underwater In Situ Repairing

The development of polymeric materials for the repair and reinforcement of damaged sites in water has many practical applications, especially in ocean engineering. However, it is difficult to construct an anticorrosion coating in water.

Synthesis and properties of a nonionic water

Water-based epoxy curing agents can be divided into two categories: type I and type II. Type I epoxy systems require their curing agents to have the functions of curing and emulsifying. The epoxy resin is a liquid or emulsion, and the curing agent is a water-soluble amine curing agent.

Curing

In this work, the effects on the curing-dependent modulus and the internal stress development of the epoxy/crosslinker chemistry, curing temperature, relative humidity, filler conditions, and initial solvent concentration, are studied.

(PDF) Curing of epoxy resin contaminated with water

Epoxy resins used for reinforcement of bridges and buildings are explored in the light of both curing rates and mechanical properties when resins are contaminated with water in outdoor...

In modern industrial manufacturing, epoxy curing agents, as a critical raw material for epoxy resin applications, directly impact the performance of final products. If water ingress occurs during the storage or use of epoxy curing agents, it not only reduces product quality but may also trigger chemical reactions, leading to degraded material properties or failure. a thorough analysis of water ingress issues in epoxy curing agents and the development of effective countermeasures are particularly important.

The causes of water ingress in epoxy curing agents are diverse, primarily including the following aspects:

1. Environmental Factors: If epoxy curing agents are stored in environments with high humidity or standing water, moisture may enter the curing agent. Additionally, moisture from the air can condense on the packaging and seep inside.

2. Human Operational Errors: During handling, use, or storage, operators may fail to follow protocols, such as not placing curing agents in waterproof or humidity-controlled environments, or damaging the packaging during transport, which can allow moisture to infiltrate.

3. Equipment Defects: Some production equipment may have poor sealing or inadequate monitoring systems, leading to water penetration into the curing agent.

4. Improper Transportation or Storage: Damaged packaging or improper stacking during transportation or storage can also result in water ingress.

5. Chemical Corrosion: In specific chemical environments (e.g., acidic or alkaline conditions), the curing agent may undergo chemical changes, releasing moisture.

To address water ingress in epoxy curing agents, the following measures can be implemented for prevention and treatment:

1. Enhance Environmental Control: Install dehumidifiers in warehouses and production workshops to maintain dryness; regularly inspect and repair floors and walls to prevent standing water.

2. Standardize Operational Procedures: Establish strict protocols requiring operators to wear waterproof gloves and shoe covers when handling or storing curing agents, ensuring packaging remains intact.

3. Improve Equipment Design: Regularly inspect and replace equipment prone to leaks, ensuring sealing reliability and structural integrity.

4. Strengthen Logistics Management: Partner with reliable logistics companies to safeguard goods during transport; protect packaging from damage during loading and unloading.

5. Use Corrosion-Resistant Materials: For curing agents exposed to corrosive substances, select materials or coatings with enhanced resistance to chemicals.

6. Routine Testing and Evaluation: Conduct regular quality checks of curing agents to detect and resolve water ingress promptly. Establish a comprehensive quality management system to monitor production and storage processes continuously.

7. Emergency Response Plan: Develop detailed contingency plans to quickly address water ingress incidents and minimize losses.

By implementing these measures, the risk of water ingress in epoxy curing agents can be significantly reduced, ensuring stable application in industrial production. it is important to note that even with preventive measures, residual risks may persist. Enterprises should remain vigilant about industry trends and technological advancements, continually optimizing production processes and management methods to achieve sustained quality improvement.